ず is the classical version of the negative ending ない. It is often used in writing and in other grammatical structures. For group 1 and 2 verbs we simply replace ない with ず as per the following table:
| English | Dictionary | Negative | ず Form |
| to go | |||
| to swim | |||
| to go home | |||
| to say | |||
| to think |
For group 3 verbs.
| English | Dictionary | Negative | ず Form |
| to do | する | しない | せず |
| to come | 来る | 来ない | 来ず |
To create the ないで te form we simply add に.
| あまり |
| Without much considering the other person’s feelings he hurled some harsh words. |
| To book a holiday without hesitation. |
| To go to a restaurant without making a reservation. |