japanistry.com
Tokyo GuideJLPT GrammarKanji CardsJLPT Quiz
Menu
Tokyo GuideJLPT GrammarKanji CardsJLPT Quiz

© 2026 japanistry.com

BlogContact Us
Grammar Guide

Japanese Conjunctions: Before (前)

The basic structure we use to say “before” is:

【Subsequent Action】前まえに【Prior Action】

Both the subsequent and prior actions will be independent clauses and thus end, like all sentences, in a verb. The verb for the subsequent action must be the present tense dictionary form. This is a little confusing for English-speakers because in English we put each clause in the tense corresponding to the timing of the action relative to the present. In other words, we would say:

Before I went to work I bought some cigarettes.

In Japanese, however, the tense of the first clause is independent from the tense of the latter.

仕事しごとに行いく前まえに、コーヒーを飲のむ。
Before I go to work I will drink coffee.
仕事しごとに行いく前まえに、コーヒーを飲のんだ。
Before I went to work I drank coffee.

As a native English speaker there is an innate desire to say:

仕事しごとに行いった前まえに、コーヒーを飲のんだ。(✘)

Unfortunately, this is not correct. Some more example sentences:

家いえを出でる前まえに、電気でんきを消けします。
Turn off the lights before leaving the house.
道路どうろを渡わたる前まえに、左右さゆうを確認かくにんします。
Look left and right before crossing the street.
暗くらくなる前まえに、帰かえってきてください。
Please come back home before it gets dark.

Using Nouns

For nouns, we need to connect them using the possessive particle, の.

説明会せつめいかいの前まえに、受付うけつけで自分じぶんの名前なまえを登録とうろくしてください。
Before the seminar please register your name at the reception.
食事しょくじの前まえに、手てを洗あらいます。
Before a meal, I wash my hands.

Time and Durations (Dropping the の)

There is one critical exception to the noun rule above. When using a specific duration or quantity of time (e.g., minutes, days, years) or a specific clock time, the の particle is dropped. 前に attaches directly to the word. When used with a duration, it translates to “ago”.

必かならず午前ごぜん9時じ前まえに電話でんわしてください。
Please make sure you call before 9am.
十年じゅうねん前まえに、日本にほんに来きました。
I came to Japan ten years ago.
Share this page
XFacebookLINEWhatsAppReddit
Follow us on Facebook